Boating is lots of fun, but like any other activity, it has its share of potential risks. That’s why it’s so important to know how to call for help when you’re out on the water.
Before you set off on any boat trip, no matter how short, it’s important to be prepared with the right communication tools to ensure your safety. These tools can help keep you connected, allow you to call for help in an emergency, and even save lives.
VHF Radio
A VHF (Very High Frequency) marine radio is a crucial communication device that should be part of every boater’s safety kit. It allows you to communicate with other boats, marinas, and rescue services, including the U.S. Coast Guard. Most VHF marine radios also allow you to receive NOAA weather forecasts. Though they are not required on smaller vessels, VHF marine radios are more reliable than CB radios and mobile phones.
In addition to making emergency distress calls, VHF radios also allow you to exchange information about your position, weather conditions, intended direction, or potential hazards with nearby vessels. Additionally, VHF radios can automatically relay distress calls via the Digital Selective Calling (DSC) system if your boat has a compatible GPS device.
Flares and Signals
Flares and signal devices are indispensable for attracting attention in emergencies at sea. There are several types of visual distress signals—such as handheld flares, aerial flares, smoke signaling devices, and dye markers—that allow you to alert nearby vessels or rescue services to your position. It’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with the proper use of these devices before your trip.
Here’s a breakdown of the various colors associated with flares and distress signals and their practical applications:
Red Flares
These are the most commonly used distress signals in marine emergencies. When ignited, red flares produce a bright red light that can be seen from miles away. They signify that a vessel is in dire need of assistance.
Orange Smoke Signals
Emitting thick orange smoke that rises into the sky, these signals are best used during daytime emergencies. They are also useful in low-visibility situations where the smoke can still be spotted from a distance.
White Flares
Unlike red flares, white ones are not used to signal distress; instead, they serve as a warning to other vessels that may be in the vicinity. If launched as an aerial flare or if fired into the air using a flare gun, white flares can alert nearby ships to potential hazards or obstructions.
Green Flares
Green flares are typically used by rescue teams to communicate with someone who has fired off a red distress flare. This color signifies that help is on its way and acknowledges that the sender’s distress signal has been received.
Dye Markers or Floating Smoke Signals
Releasing brightly colored dye into the water or emitting plumes of colored smoke, these types of signals are highly visible, making them ideal for daytime use. They can last for several hours and help rescue crews pinpoint a vessel’s precise location.
Emergency Locator Beacons
An emergency locator beacon (ELB) is an electronic device that transmits a continuous distress signal when activated. The two types of ELBs are the Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) and the Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB). A PLB is designed for individual use; it is small and portable and can be worn on your person. An EPIRB is installed on the boat and contains a Unique Identifier Number (UIN) associated with the boat. Depending on the type, an EPIRB can be manually activated in an emergency, or it may automatically activate when it is submerged in water. Both PLBs and EPIRBs transmit signals via satellites, alerting rescue services of your location.
How to Call for Help During an Emergency
Using the VHF Radio for Distress Calls
To make a distress call using a VHF marine radio, follow these steps:
- Tune your radio to Channel 16, the designated distress calling frequency.
- Make sure the volume is loud enough to hear any response.
- Press the “push-to-talk” button and say “MAYDAY” three times. After that, state your vessel’s name and call sign.
- Briefly describe the nature of your emergency, such as “on fire” or “taking on water.”
- Give your exact location using coordinates or landmarks.
- Inform rescue personnel about the number of people on board and any injuries.
- Wait for a response before repeating your message. Remain on Channel 16 and follow any instructions given by the responders.
Properly Sending Flares and Signals
Visual distress signals like flares can attract attention during an emergency. Here’s how to use them effectively:
- Choose the appropriate type of flare to use.
- Read the instructions provided by the manufacturer for safe usage.
- Hold the flare away from your body with a downward angle towards the water, ensuring that you point it away from other people or vessels.
- Ignite the flare according to the manufacturer’s instructions and hold it steadily until it burns out.
- Continuously look for any response from nearby vessels or aircraft. Repeat the signaling if necessary.
Activating Emergency Locator Beacons
Emergency locator beacons emit signals to help rescue teams pinpoint your location during an emergency. To activate a beacon:
- Before your trip, register your device with the appropriate authorities.
- In an emergency, remove the beacon from its protective case.
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to activate the signal. Typically, this involves deploying an antenna, pressing an activation button, and waiting for a confirmation light or sound.
- Place the beacon in a clear area with an unobstructed view of the sky.
- Wait for help to arrive. Your beacon’s battery life should be ample enough to last through the rescue process.
Knowledge and Preparation Are Key
Preparing in advance can make all the difference when facing a boating emergency. Time is precious when you’re taking on water, for example, or when one of your passengers is experiencing a medical emergency. Don’t waste time fumbling around and trying to figure out how to operate your emergency communications devices in the middle of an emergency—learn what to do beforehand. You’ll have a safer, more enjoyable trip.